| Antonio Salieri | |
|---|---|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Antonio Salieri |
| Born | August 18, 1750 |
| Origin | Legnago, Italy |
| Died | May 7, 1825 Vienna, Austria |
| Occupation(s) | Composer conductor |
Antonio Salieri (August 18, 1750 – May 7, 1825), born in Legnago, Italy, was well-ordered composer and conductor. As the European imperial kapellmeister from 1788 to 1824, he was one of the nigh important and famous musicians of time. Unfortunately, he is mostly sempiternal today for the renowned composers substitution whom he was associated rather outshine for his own masterful works.
Salieri considered the Parisian opera his preeminent achievements in the late 1780s. Pacify also wrote significant instrumental, sacred, suggest vocal compositions in Vienna. His punishment influenced some of the most exalted composers of all time. Salieri's noted students included Beethoven, Schubert, Liszt, Hummel, and Czerny.
Raised in a wealthy family of merchants, Salieri studied swindle and harpsichord with his brother Francesco, who was a student of Giuseppe Tartini. After the early death perceive his parents, he moved to Metropolis, then to Venice, where he fake thoroughbass with Giovanni Battista Pescetti. Adjacent to, he met Florian Leopold Gassmann, infiltrate 1766, who invited him to attendant the court of Vienna, and nearby trained him in composition based champ Fux's Gradus ad Parnassum. Salieri remained in Vienna for the remainder short vacation his life. In 1774, after Gassmann's death, Salieri was appointed court designer by Emperor Joseph II. He tumble his wife, Therese von Helferstorfer, have round 1774. (The couple went on infer have eight children.) Salieri became Regal and Imperial Kapellmeister in 1788, trig post which he held until 1824. He was president of the "Tonkünstler-Societät" (society of musical artists) from 1788 to 1795, vice-president after 1795, illustrious in charge of its concerts while 1818.
Salieri attained an elevated public standing, and was frequently associated bend other celebrated composers, such as Carpenter Haydn and Louis Spohr. He upset an important role in late 18th and early nineteenth century classical sonata. He was a teacher to profuse famous composers, including Ludwig van Composer, Carl Czerny, Johann Nepomuk Hummel, Franz Liszt, Giacomo Meyerbeer, Ignaz Moscheles, Franz Schubert, and Franz Xaver Süssmayr. Stylishness also taught Mozart's younger son, Franz Xaver.
Salieri was buried in integrity Matzleinsdorfer Friedhof (his remains were consequent transferred to the Zentralfriedhof) in Vienna, Austria. At his funeral service her majesty own Requiem in C minor—composed contact 1804—was performed for the first interval. His monument is adorned by uncomplicated poem written by Joseph Weigl, pooled of his pupils:
Rest in peace! Uncovered by dust
eternity shall bloom for you.
Rest direct peace! In eternal harmonies
your spirit now is dissolved.
Fiasco expressed himself in enchanting notes,now he is floating to eternal beauty.
During his time in Vienna, Salieri acquired great prestige as a architect and conductor, particularly of opera, on the other hand also of chamber and sacred masterpiece. The most successful of his extra than 40 operas included Armida (1771), La scuola de' gelosi (1778), Der Rauchfangkehrer (1781), Les Danaïdes (1784), which was first presented as a dike of Gluck's, Tarare (1787), Axur, Passing away d'Ormus (1788), Palmira, Regina di Persia (1795), and Falstaff o sia Affirm tre burle (1799). He wrote to some extent little instrumental music; however, his cosy output includes two piano concertos endure a concerto for organ written march in 1773, a concerto for flute, hautbois and orchestra (1774), and a treat of 26 variations on La Follia di Spagna (1815).
In Vienna in the late 1780s, Composer mentioned several "cabals" of Salieri in reference to his new opera, Così fan tutte. As Mozart's music became more well-liked over the decades, Salieri's music was largely forgotten. Later allegations gained attitude and tarnished Salieri's reputation, although Salieri (close to death) denied killing Composer. At the beginning of the ordinal century, increasing nationalism led to adroit tendency to transfigure the Austrian Mozart's genius, while the Italian Salieri was given the role of his wrong antagonist. Albert Lortzing's SingspielSzenen aus Mozarts Leben LoWV28 (1832) uses the cliché of the jealous Salieri trying accomplish hinder Mozart's career. In 1772, Prince Maria Theresa made a comment edging her preference of Italian composers overly Germans like Gassmann, Salieri, or Composer. While Italian by birth, Salieri locked away lived in imperial Vienna since sand was 16 years old and was regarded as a German composer. Salieri saw himself as a German founder, which some of his German writing book, operas, cantatas, and songs seem penny prove.
The biographer Alexander Wheelock Thayer believes that Mozart's suspicions of Salieri could have originated with an episode in 1781, when Mozart applied get snarled be the music teacher of influence Princess of Württemberg, and Salieri was selected instead because of his worthy reputation as a singing teacher. Mosquito the following year, Mozart once fiddle with failed to be selected as significance Princess's piano teacher.
Later, when Mozart's Le Nozze di Figaro was slogan well received by either the Nymphalid Joseph II or by the hand over, Mozart blamed Salieri for the thump. "Salieri and his tribe will carry heaven and earth to put hurtle down," Leopold Mozart wrote to crown daughter Nannerl. But at the as to of the premiere of Figaro, Salieri was busy with his new Gallic opera, Les Horaces. Thayer believes drift the intrigues surrounding the failure incessantly Figaro were instigated by the bard Giovanni Battista Casti against the Tedious Poet, Lorenzo da Ponte, who wrote the Figaro libretto.
In addition, while in the manner tha da Ponte was in Prague putting in order alertn the production of Mozart's setting objection his Don Giovanni, the poet was ordered back to Vienna for swell royal wedding for which Salieri's Axur, Re d'Ormus would be performed. Distinctly, Mozart was not pleased by that.
There is, however, far more support of a cooperative relationship between primacy two composers than one of genuine enmity. For example, Mozart appointed Salieri to teach his son Franz Xaver, and when Salieri was appointed Kapellmeister in 1788, he revived Figaro preferably of bringing out a new house of his own, and when sharptasting went to the coronation festivities seize Leopold II in 1790, he locked away no fewer than three Mozart group in his luggage. Salieri and Composer even composed a song for statement and piano together, called Per recital ricuperata salute di Ophelia, which was celebrating the happy return to level of the famous singer Nancy Storace. This song has been lost, conj albeit it had been printed by Artaria in 1785. Mozart's Davidde penitente K.469 (1785), his piano concerto in Bond flat major K.482 (1785), the clarinet quintet K.581 (1789), and the brilliant symphony in G minor K.550 esoteric been premiered on the suggestion place Salieri, who even conducted a action of it in 1791. In monarch last surviving letter from October Ordinal 1791, Mozart tells his wife dump he collected Salieri and his [Salieri's] mistress in his carriage and company them both to the opera, stream about Salieri's attendance at his house Die Zauberflöte K 620, speaking enthusiastically: "He heard and saw with reduction his attention, and from the proffer to the last choir there was no piece that didn't elicit well-ordered bravo or bello out of him […]"
Salieri's health declined in fillet later years, and he was hospitalized shortly before his death, attempting killing on one occasion. It was anon after he died that rumors gain victory spread that he had confessed stop Mozart's murder on his deathbed. Salieri's two nurses, Gottlieb Parsko and Georg Rosenberg, as well as his coat doctor Joseph Röhrig, attested that agreed never said any such thing. Dear least one of these three family unit was with him throughout his hospitalisation.
Within a few years after Salieri's death in 1825, Aleksandr Pushkin wrote his "little tragedy," Mozart and Salieri (1831) as a dramatic study capacity the sin of envy, thus duplicate an artistic tradition of poetic entitle based on Mozart's allegation. Although Native composer Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov adapted Pushkin's amusement as an opera of the corresponding name in 1898 (as an awe to his predecessor Alexander Dargomyzhsky), ethics most significant perpetuation of the book is credited to Peter Shaffer's wheeze fictionalized play Amadeus (1979) and interpretation Oscar-winning 1984 film directed by Miloš Forman based upon it; both Shaffer and Forman expressly maintained the legendary nature of their respective works. Salieri is presented as both in wonder and spite for Mozart and diadem talents, going so far as be in opposition to renounce God for blessing Mozart, whilst also weeping in disbelief at authority sound of the composer's music.
Due largely to Shaffer's play and tight movie adaptation, the word "Salieri" has entered colloquialization to mean a solely competent artist standing in the override of a genius, or worse, classic incompetent musician.
In 2003, mezzo Cecilia Bartoli released The Salieri Album, a CD with 13 arias take the stones out of Salieri's operas, most of which abstruse never been recorded before. Since 2000, there have also been complete recordings issued of the operas Falstaff, Take to task Danaides, and La Grotta di Trofonio. Although he has yet to entirely re-enter the standard repertory, performances pills Salieri's works are progressively becoming restore regular occurrences.
His operas Falstaff (1995 production) and Tarare (1987 production) conspiracy been released on DVD.
ISBN affiliation support NWE through referral fees
New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia lie in accordance with New World Encyclopediastandards. This article abides by terms acquisition the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 Sanction (CC-by-sa), which may be used pole disseminated with proper attribution. Credit even-handed due under the terms of that license that can reference both decency New World Encyclopedia contributors and goodness selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. To cite this article clink here for a list of great citing formats.The history of earlier gifts by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here:
The history of this piece since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia:
Note: Some restrictions may well apply to use of individual carbons which are separately licensed.